Earth Sheltered Housing; Design Concepts for Urban Ground-scrapers
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-7
Received:
12 December 2020
Accepted:
28 December 2020
Published:
4 January 2021
Abstract: The history of human housing portrays Earth sheltered homes as dwellings originally developed for shelter, warmth and security for the earliest human dwellers. These buildings which originated as subterranean dugouts have evolved into modern housing options over the years. Physical attributes of earth sheltered houses signifies a retreat from surrounding elements into secluded spaces bordered by earth-mass as building covering. Further studies reveal its thermal efficiency between seasons and energy conservation properties due to its thermal mass application. A review of typologies identifies various techniques of its design and construction across the globe. This paper looks at the existing construction typologies of earth sheltered housing from the traditional to modern applications. Four unique subterranean applications were studied which represented the major construction typologies. It further investigates the uniqueness in the design concepts of earth sheltered housing as models for future earth-contact housing needs based on the energy conservation and thermal performance of this category of housing. Earth contact characteristics of these types of houses makes for potential energy conservation in single unit earth sheltered homes; however, large scale concepts consequently possess the potentials for optimization of thermal and energy performance. Hence communal type concepts are presented as ideas for urban scale application of Earth sheltered housing.
Abstract: The history of human housing portrays Earth sheltered homes as dwellings originally developed for shelter, warmth and security for the earliest human dwellers. These buildings which originated as subterranean dugouts have evolved into modern housing options over the years. Physical attributes of earth sheltered houses signifies a retreat from surro...
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Sound Power Characteristics of Chinese Traditional Wind Instrument Qudi
Jianzhen Qiu,
Shuoxian Wu,
Yuezhe Zhao,
Hong Huang,
Liling Wu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
8-15
Received:
21 January 2021
Accepted:
28 January 2021
Published:
2 February 2021
Abstract: The standards for design and evaluation of Chinese concert halls have followed that of western music and western concert halls all the time. In recent years, studies on the sound characteristics of Chinese traditional musical instruments have been conducted. Wind instrument is an important type of traditional national musical instruments of China. The Chinese flute (Di) is the most representative one among them, the oldest type with a history almost 9000 years, and it is still one of the most widely used instruments now. So the study of Qudi (a main kind of Di) can be seen as a representative research work of traditional national wind instruments of China. The measurement presents the sound power level, dynamic range and frequency characteristics of Qudi when single notes, a music scale and a typical melody are performed at various dynamics. This is the first time a research measures the sound power of Qudi by multi-channel real-time analysis method in a reverberation room according to ISO and Chinese national standards. It shows that, Qudi has higher sound power level and a limited dynamic range when compared with Chinese traditional stringed and plucked instruments. The main energy radiation of Qudi is in the alto (middle) range and soprano (high) range. Here, we use sound power level of the music scale performed at forte dynamic as the representative value of Qudi’s SWL, and it is 96.2dB.
Abstract: The standards for design and evaluation of Chinese concert halls have followed that of western music and western concert halls all the time. In recent years, studies on the sound characteristics of Chinese traditional musical instruments have been conducted. Wind instrument is an important type of traditional national musical instruments of China. ...
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National Tendency in Church Building in the South of Russia from the Middle of the 19th to the Beginning of the 20th Centuries
Valentina Serebrianaya,
Yuriy Kolyshev,
Irina Shevchuk
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
16-23
Received:
3 February 2021
Accepted:
19 February 2021
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: The study is dedicated to the church architecture of South of Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. South Russia represents one of the most multi-ethnic and culturally and religiously complex regions of Russia. National character thus occupies a central tendency of its church architecture. Through exploring the evolution of Orthodox church construction in the 19th to early 20th centuries, the study presents evidence of how the national expression in church architecture of South Russia developed. Both preserved and lost churches within the administrative boundaries of the Southern Federal District are considered in the study. The study builds on the theoretical basis of in-depth research on the topic, including in articles and monographs by: Borisova E. A., Kirichenko E. I., Prutsyn O. I., Slavina T. A., Shenkov A. S., Lisovsky V. The study expands existing scholarship through a detailed description of religious objects and focuses on "style" and influences. The investigation of influences on the national tendency of the church architecture of South Russia in the chosen period contributes additional material to the understanding of a difficult period in the history of Russian architecture. The question of national tendencies in architecture has received renewed interest from architects, primarily from those who work in the domain of church architecture. This makes the study’s contribution timely. Research methodology included the analysis of theoretical works and archival material. The study includes historical and contemporary illustrations collected by the author during field trips around the region
Abstract: The study is dedicated to the church architecture of South of Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. South Russia represents one of the most multi-ethnic and culturally and religiously complex regions of Russia. National character thus occupies a central tendency of its church architecture. Through exploring the evolution of Orthodox church c...
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